Hours of inactivity during childhood could be setting the stage for heart attacks and strokes later in life, according to research presented at ESC Congress 2023.1 The study found that sedentary time accumulated from childhood to young adulthood was associated with heart damage – even in those with normal weight and blood pressure.
“All those hours of screen time in young people add up to a heavier heart, which we know from studies in adults raises the likelihood of heart attack and stroke,”2 said study author Dr. Andrew Agbaje of the University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. “Children and teenagers need to move more to protect their long-term health.”
This was the first study to investigate the cumulative effect of smartwatch-assessed sedentary time in young people and cardiac damage later in life. It was conducted as part of the Children of the 90s study, which began in 1990/1991 and is one of the world’s largest cohorts with lifestyle measurements from birth.3
At 11 years of age, children wore a smartwatch with an activity tracker for seven days. This was repeated at 15 years of age and again at 24 years of age. The weight of the heart’s left ventricle was assessed by echocardiography, a type of ultrasound scan, at 17 and 24 years of age and reported in grams relative to height (g/m2.7). The researchers analysed the association between sedentary time between 11 and 24 years of age and heart measurements between 17 and 24 years of age after adjusting for factors that could influence the relationship including age, sex, blood pressure, body fat, smoking, physical activity and socioeconomic status.
The study included 766 children, of whom 55% were girls and 45% were boys. At 11 years of age, children were sedentary for an average of 362 minutes a day, rising to 474 minutes a day in adolescence (15 years of age), and 531 minutes a day in young adulthood (24 years of age). This means that sedentary time increased by an average of 169 minutes (2.8 hours) a day between childhood and young adulthood.
Each one-minute increase in sedentary time from 11 to 24 years of age was associated with a 0.004 g/m2.7 increase in left ventricular mass between 17 to 24 years of age. When multiplied by 169 minutes of additional inactivity this equates to a 0.7 g/m2.7 daily rise – the equivalent of a 3 gram increase in left ventricular mass between echocardiography measurements at the average height gain. A previous study in adults found that a similar increase in left ventricular mass (1 g/m2.7) over a seven-year period was associated with a two-fold increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and death.4
Dr. Agbaje said: “Children were sedentary for more than six hours a day and this increased by nearly three hours a day by the time they reached young adulthood. Our study indicates that the accumulation of inactive time is related to heart damage regardless of body weight and blood pressure. Parents should encourage children and teenagers to move more by taking them out for a walk and limiting time spent on social media and video games. As Martin Luther King Jr. once said, ‘If you can't fly, run. If you can't run, walk. If you can't walk, crawl. But by all means keep moving.’”
For further information, please contact:
Andrew Agbaje, MD, MPH, Cert. Clinical Research (Harvard), Principal Investigator (urFIT-child). Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. andrew.agbaje(a)uef.fi, +358 46 896 5633
Honorary Research Fellow – Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences Department, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. a.agbaje(a)exeter.ac.uk
https://uefconnect.uef.fi/en/person/andrew.agbaje/
Webpage:
Funding: The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (grant No. 217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for the Avon Longitudinal Study and Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The British Heart Foundation (grant No. CS/15/6/31468) funded blood pressure and Actigraph activity monitoring device measurement at age 24 years. The Medical Research Council (grant No. MR/M006727/1) supported smoking data collection. A comprehensive list of grant funding is available on the ALSPAC website (http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdf); A.O.A.'s research group (UndeRstanding FITness and Cardiometabolic Health In Little Darlings: urFIT-child) was funded by the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation (grant No. 00180006); the North Savo regional and central Finnish Cultural Foundation (grant Nos. 65191835, 00200150, and 00230190); the Orion Research Foundation sr; Aarne Koskelo Foundation; Antti and Tyyne Soininen Foundation; Paulo Foundation; Paavo Nurmi Foundation; Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation (grant No. 20217390); and the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research (grant Nos. 220021 and 230012).
Disclosures: None.
References and notes
1The abstract “Cumulative accelerometer-based sedentary time from childhood through young adulthood with progressive left ventricular remodelling in British youth: a 13-year longitudinal study” will be presented during the session Physical inactivity and exercise which takes place on Sunday 27 August from 08:15 to 09:00 CEST at Station 10.
2Armstrong AC, Gidding S, Gjesdal O, et al. LV mass assessed by echocardiography and CMR, cardiovascular outcomes, and medical practice. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:837-848.
3The Children of the 90s study is also known as the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).
4de Simone G, Kizer JR, Chinali M, et al. Normalization for body size and population-attributable risk of left ventricular hypertrophy: the Strong Heart Study. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18(2 Pt 1):191-196.
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