A new study among more than 1,500 British adolescents is the first in the world to assess the association between familial cardiometabolic diseases and the offspring’s risk of premature heart damage by early adulthood. The study was conducted in collaboration between the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in the US, the Universities of Bristol and Exeter in the UK, and the University of Eastern Finland. The results were published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.
Does a parent’s cardiometabolic health independently affect their children’s heart health? In the present study, 1,595 adolescents drawn from the University of Bristol’s Children of the 90s cohort were followed up from birth and had repeated heart measures from age 17 until 24 years. One in three adolescents had a family history of cardiometabolic diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol levels.
In the whole cohort, the prevalence of excessive heart enlargement (left ventricular hypertrophy) increased from 2.4% at age 17 years to 6.5% at age 24 years. Among adolescents with a family history of cardiometabolic diseases, the prevalence was 1.3% at age 17, but increased four-fold by age 24, compared to a two-fold increase among those without a family history.
Previous research among US adults has shown that the risk burden of parents with early-onset myocardial infarction slightly increased the risk of their adult children developing myocardial infarction in their mid-forties, even though the latter were free of risk factors like obesity, smoking, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. However, no study in the world has previously examined the association between a parental history of cardiometabolic diseases and heart damage in the offspring already in adolescence. This is due to the scarcity of repeated echocardiography assessments of the heart in a large population of healthy youth.
The current study is the largest and the longest repeated echocardiography study in a relatively healthy young population in the world. Questions on parents’ cardiometabolic diseases were collected at a follow-up clinic visit of their offspring. The offspring’s fasting blood samples were repeatedly measured for insulin, glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Blood pressure, heart rate, socio-economic status, smoking status, accelerometer measure of sedentary behaviour and physical activity as well as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured fat mass and lean mass were accounted for in the analyses.
The new study reported that a family history of cardiometabolic diseases was prospectively associated with a twenty percent increased odds of progressively worsening structural and functional damage. The study also highlighted that if sixty adolescents had a family history of cardiometabolic diseases, it is likely that one of these adolescents may develop left ventricular hypertrophy, an indicator of premature structural heart damage, directly linked to parent’s history. In addition, increased glucose in offspring partly explained (10% mediation) the long-term adverse relationship between parents’ history of cardiometabolic disease and the offspring’s enlarged heart.
“These findings highlight just how important family history is when it comes to heart disease. We already know that helping children develop healthy habits early, like being active and eating well, can protect their hearts for life. In addition, by managing blood pressure, cholesterol and other risk factors, and by adopting healthier lifestyles, future parents aren’t just improving their own health, they’re giving their children a better chance at a healthy heart,” says the first author of the study, Dr Douglas Corsi, a resident doctor at the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in the US and a Doctoral Researcher at the University of Eastern Finland.
“The current findings extend our recent results, where we showed that high blood glucose and insulin resistance increase the risk of premature heart damage in youth. Adolescence is a critical window in the evolution of cardiometabolic diseases, and the faster cardiac damage progression among those with a family history of cardiometabolic diseases raises significant concerns, necessitating a special focus. There is a critical twenty-year window between mid-twenties and mid-forties to prevent premature heart attacks in midlife. Health policies could encourage the general population to examine their blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels, at least once every five to ten years starting in late adolescence,” says Andrew Agbaje, physician and associate professor (docent) of Clinical Epidemiology and Child Health at the University of Eastern Finland.
Agbaje’s research group (urFIT-child) is supported by research grants from Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation Central Fund, the Finnish Cultural Foundation North Savo Regional Fund, the Orion Research Foundation, the Aarne Koskelo Foundation, the Antti and Tyyne Soininen Foundation, the Paulo Foundation, the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, the Paavo Nurmi Foundation, the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Ida Montin Foundation, Eino Räsänen Fund, Matti and Vappu Maukonen Fund, Foundation for Pediatric Research, Alfred Kordelin Foundation and Novo Nordisk Foundation.
For further information, please contact:
Andrew Agbaje, MD, MPH, PhD, FACC, FESC, FAHA, FNYAM, Cert. Clinical Research (Harvard), Associate Professor (Docent) of Clinical Epidemiology and Child Health, Principal Investigator (urFIT-child). Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. [email protected], +358 46 896 5633
Honorary Research Fellow – Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sports Sciences Department, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. [email protected]
Webpage: urFIT-child research group
Link to article:
Corsi DR and Agbaje AO. Parents’ History of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia with Offspring Cardiac Damage – A 24-Year Longitudinal Study. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, November 21, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf744
About Children of the 90s
Based at the University of Bristol, Children of the 90s, also known as the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), is a long-term health research project that enrolled more than 14,500 pregnant women in 1991 and 1992. It has been following the health and development of the parents, their children and now their grandchildren in detail ever since. It receives core funding from the Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust and the University of Bristol.
